Patient-Derived (in cell biology context)

**What it means:** "Patient-derived" means cells, tissues, or samples that were taken **directly from a patient** (usually via biopsy or blood draw) and used in research. This is different from cancer cell lines (like HeLa cells) that were derived from a patient decades ago and have been multiplying in labs ever since. **Why it matters for MHS:** Patient-derived iPSCs carry the patient's actual genetic makeup, so they respond to treatments the way the patient would. They're much more informative for drug screening than generic cell lines, which may have diverged genetically over decades of lab culture.